Humanistic Psychology Study

The main focus of Humanistic psychology study is				tasks and activities
based on conscious consciousness, morals				whenever possible and helping them to set
and theoretical thinking. These include the spiritual				realistic goals for
experiences and the				themselves. It is important to have students
beliefs that people live by. Emerging in the 1950's				participating in group
and 1960's,				work, in order to develop social and affective
humanism is about rewarding yourself, and places				skills. Teachers need
great importance on				to act more as facilitators in the classroom and
the individual and their own individuality.				available when
Personality depends on				appropriate and they need to be role models
what people believe and how they perceive the				constantly working on
world and a major factor				themselves to become better people. This is
in this learning theory is that people are seen as				often known as 'Open
freely exercising				education'.The humanistic curriculum is based on
choice over how to behave. They are the				establishing productive social
architects of their own lives				and working relationships with others. It is a part
and 'personal agents' in their own psychological				of everything the
growth.There are many objectives of the				child does within the school setting. The
humanistic view of education, as				expectations and
described by Gage and Berliner. These include a				consequences are age appropriate. Just as the
promotion of				academic curriculum
positive self-direction and independence, the ability				responds to the developing cognitive skills of the
to take				children so too
responsibility for what is learned, an emphasis on				does the social curriculum. It encourages growth
student centered				in responsibility,
teaching, and the development of social skills and				independence and decision making. Children are
respect for				allowed and actually
students feelings and aspirations, thus allowing				encouraged to make choices and accept the
them the right to				consequences for their
self-determination. Feelings are as important as				actions, and mistakes are treated as
facts and the current				opportunities for learning. The
and future welfare of students is foremost. In				children learn to care about themselves and
order to develop these				others and to value the
objectives certain principles must be in place.				quality of their work. By placing emphasis on the
Students will learn				positive, a
best what they want and need to know. Self				classroom environment is created whereby
directed learning increases				children are encouraged and
knowledge. Rogers says that self directed				become self-reliant. They care about doing their
learning in schools increases curiosity, encourages				best and value the
students to take responsibility for their own				quality of their work. The emphasis is on
development and promotes personal and				co-operation and not
academic growth. However, knowing how to				competition and this has a positive effect on
learn is more important than				classroom behavior
acquiring a lot of knowledge and self-evaluation is				whilst also improving academic learning. Skills such
the only				as listening,
meaningful judgment of a student's work. The				decision making and problem solving all need to
worth and rights of				be discussed, modeled
individuals needs to be respected and there has				and practiced in order for children to be
to be openness, honesty and				successful in their groups.A large commitment of
selflessness in order for trust to be				time is required to implement the social
gained.Humanistic psychology is sometimes				curriculum. Learningsocial skills and nurturing moral
referred to as the 'Third Force' in				growth is a developmental process.
psychology. As mentioned earlier, it is often said				The development of interpersonal skills is also
that this was a backlash against the				taught in order for
Behaviorist emphasis on scientific method, which				children to recognize the feelings of others and
was seen as losing				deal with hurt and
sight of the human being. Scientific method is				misunderstanding through the use of language.
largely inappropriate				Opportunities are
for studying human experience, or at least, it				provided for children to develop and to be taught
does not go far enough.				listening,
As the name suggests, Humanistic psychology				communication and leadership skills and
focuses on the subjective				opportunities are provided for
experience of living rather than observable				teamwork. Children are assisted to become
behavior.There are a number of theories, which				conscious of their own
qualify as being Humanistic, two				feelings and they are helped to develop a
of the best known being those of Carl Rogers				vocabulary with which to
and Abraham				express these feelings. This then has the effect
Maslow. Rogers became probably the most				of making them become
influential of humanistic psychologists. He said that				self-confident, focused and independent.The
human nature is basically good and that people				Montessori school uses humanistic learning theories
have a natural drive towards				to teach
Self-Actualization, meaning the achievement of				pupils, promoting knowledge, beauty and
their full potential.				fulfillment.Dr Maria Montessori was the founder of
This is the fundamental incentive behind the				these schools and many of her
development of				ideas have now been adapted into 'mainstream'
personality.To promote human welfare, Rogers				education. The
maintains that people should relate				Montessori school was founded in 1965 and its
to one another with an 'unconditional positive				education encourages
regard', which is the				intellectual, social, physical, creative and moral
complete acceptance of another person as he or				development,
she is, much like the				preparing students for academic excellence, and
love of a parent for a child.Abraham Maslow,				responsible, caring
another founder of humanistic psychology,				lives. A child attending these schools will be
proposed				exposed to methods of
that people have a hierarchy of needs. The				teaching, which promote the development of the
highest of these being				whole child,
self-actualization.Although we are not fully aware				facilitating the growth of the inner discipline and
of these needs, they are rather like				cultivating the
mental vitamins and if we are denied them, we				child's own natural joy in learning. Montessori
can never be fully				takes advantage of
mentally healthy. He observed that if we are				each child's unique sensitivities and offers
lacking in any of these				exercises in language
needs, then difficult behavior is often the result.				development, sensorimotor development,
If the needs are				reading, mathematics, physical
met, then mentally healthy behavior is the				and natural sciences, geography and cultural
outcome. A child learns,				studies, music, art,
according to Maslow because he or she is				drama and body movements. These are all
inwardly driven and gains				activities used in practical
reward from a sense of achievement that				life. The materials and activities are designed to
learning something difficult				help the child to
provides. He also said that learning is not an end				progress at their own rate. Young children do not
in itself but the				have to join in on
means to progress towards the height of				group activities if they do not wish, as they have
self-development, which he				a right to keep
terms 'self actualization'. After the basic needs of				working at their own exercises. They may also
physical survival				observe instead of
and safety, Maslow places the needs of belonging				joining in if they wish but must not interfere or
and love. The next				become disruptive.
highest group of needs is covered by the term				They are not forced to share with another child
'esteem', and at the				if they wish to work
top of the hierarchy is the need for				by themselves. As mentioned earlier, many of
self-actualization (man's desire				the ideas of Maria
for self-fulfillment).Beginning at an early age,				Montessori have been adapted and are used in
children evaluate themselves and their own				'mainstream' schools but
actions. They learn that what they do is				not without their problems. Children are still
sometimes good and sometimes				compelled to attend and
bad. They develop a self-concept, an image of				there are still rules to abide by. There is little
what they really are, and an ideal self, an image				choice in the
of what they would like to be.				curriculum content, and the sharing of teacher's
The primary focus of humanistic education is				time and resources
placed on the development				with other students' could cause problems for
of the whole child placing a major emphasis on				children with differingabilities and experience. Also
the regulatory and the				pupils have to put up with an
affective/emotional system. Huitt described this				instructional tempo that is often either too fast
in his systems				or too slow.Humanistic learning styles are all based
model of human behavior.Humanism concentrates				on intrinsic learning
upon the development of the child's				principles. Intrinsic learning is learning that fructifies
self-concept. It is important for a child to feel				in
good about itself,				self-actualization or growing to full humanness.
and this involves them understanding their own				Intrinsic learning is learning to be a person. In
strengths and				opposition, must of
weaknesses and having a belief in their ability to				classroom teaching is of the extrinsic variety.
improve. The				Pleasing the teacher
humanistic approach states that education is				or aiming for certain grades. Once rewards
about creating a need				terminate then learning
within the child and instilling				ceases. In intrinsic learning, learning continues
self-motivation.Because a child's behavior is				despite the presence
continuously being evaluated by parents				or absence of external rewards because growth
and others, sometimes positively and sometimes				towards psychological
negatively, he soon				health and the satisfaction gained from self
learns to distinguish between those thoughts and				actualization is an
actions that are				intrinsic reward.In concluding, I can only say that
considered good and those that are not. The				the purpose of humanistic education
poor experiences become				is to provide a foundation for personal growth
excluded from the self-concept, even though				and development so that
they may be quite valid or				learning will continue throughout life in a self
natural and the good ones remain.Obviously there				directed mannerI have discussed the theoretical
must be certain restrictions on behavior and				approach of humanism and have
Rogers				evaluated its principles, assumptions and methods
suggests that the best approach is for the				used for teaching
parents to recognize				child learners. I have brought in the contributions
children's feelings as valid, while explaining any				of two individual
reasons for				theorists, Maslow and Rogers and have discussed
restraint.				their work.Rogers developed client centered
With children, a high priority is placed on the				therapy putting the client and
development of their				facilitator on a more equal footing and Maslow
personal growth and a sense of respect for				developed a hierarchy
oneself and other. They				of needs giving us ideas about personal
need to be are taught to recognize their				growth.Humanism for the individual means that we
responsibility to the				must accept responsibility
community. A child's growth in these areas				for our own lives and that we should enjoy life
prepares them for continued				to the full in ways
success in future academic, personal and social				that respect the well being of others.Humanistic
situations.Humanistic schools believe that emotional				psychology has given us a new, global model of
factors, personal growth and				human
development are of the highest values. They				behavior that is refreshingly different from the
argue that these are				dominant
ignored in a society, which is unduly materialistic,				deterministic approaches of behaviorism and
objective and				psychoanalysis.We can see the self-initiated
mechanistic. Humanistic psychologists believe that				learning is the most lasting and
society, schools				pervasive. We can also see that significant
and colleges exist to meet the needs of the				learning takes place when
individual learner and not				the subject matter is relevant to the personal
the other way around. They believe that learners				interests of the
should be allowed to				student.Humanistic techniques have wide
pursue their own interests and talents in order to				applications after schooling and a
develop themselves				good, solid foundation in an educational setting will
as fully as possible intheir own unique direction.				provide a basis
Rogers said that 'no-one should ever try				for the future when in the workplace, personal
to learn something for which he sees no				relationships and in
relevance' and that learning				further education. Humanism has helped us to a
should be its own reward. The main principles				better understanding of
suggested by humanistic psychologists have been				such diverse things as how people experience
highly influential,				joy or facedeath, and with children, has developed
especially in adult education and training.				self confident, focused and
A humanistic teacher aims for good things and				independent learners who continue to learn in a
the approaches are				self directed manner,
highly dependent on the capabilities of the				following their own intrinsic interests growing to
teacher.There are a variety of ways in which				their full
teachers can implement the				potential.Mary Anne has been writing for custom
humanistic view towards education. Some of				essay writing service for 5 years. You can ask
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Humanistic Psychology Study

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