| The Muslim period was from 600 to 1600 A.D in | | | | methods for the extraction of metals from their |
| the history of chemistry and is know as the | | | | ores and dying cloths. |
| period of alchemist. in the middle ages, chemistry | | | | Al-Razi (862-930 A.D) was a physician, alchemist |
| was given a spurt of work. During the first few | | | | and a philosopher. He was and expert surgeon |
| centuries of Hijra, the Muslim Scientist made rich | | | | and was the first to use opium as an anesthesia. |
| contribution to the various branches of science, | | | | He divided the substances in to living and non-living |
| specially in the field of chemistry and introduced | | | | origins, which was later adopted by Berzellius, in |
| scientific methods and experimantations. the | | | | 1806 to classify chemical compound on the basis |
| modern scientific knowledge is based on the | | | | of their orgins as organic and inorganic compounds |
| contributions of these Muslim scholars. | | | | Al-Razi prepared ethyl alcohol by the fermentation |
| The alchemists developed and used many | | | | process. |
| laboratory equipment such as funnels, breakers, | | | | Al-Beruni (973-1048 A.D) contributed a lot in |
| crucibles for melting and fusion, retorts for | | | | physics, metaphysics, mathematics, geography |
| distillation, balances for weighing, etc. They | | | | and history. in the field of chemistry, he |
| discovered various acids, alcohols and medicines. | | | | determined the densities of different substances. |
| Jabir Ibne-Haiyan (721-803 A.D), generally known | | | | Ibne-Sina (980-1037 A.D) was famous for his |
| as the father of alchemy, invented experimental | | | | contribution in the field of medicines, medicinal |
| methods for the preparation of nitric acid, | | | | chemistry, philosophy, mathematics and |
| hydrochloric acid and white lead. He also developed | | | | astronomy. |